Death of the Author - 864 Words

‘Death of the Author’ Analysis Roland Barthes is a French literary philosopher born in 1915. In one of his theories ‘Death of the author’ he argues that by â€Å"giving a text an author is to impose a limit on that text†. He claims that having knowledge of the author’s background and purpose for the text restricts the readers imaginative license to build their own interpretations, and that the author and text are completely unrelated. Barthes declares, The death of the author is the birth of the reader. Instead, he calls the author a ‘scriptor’, to draw away from the thinking that the author and his/her single experience is in control over the text. In this way, he makes a point that no writing is original, and is created based on the†¦show more content†¦Barthes statement would be invalid for autobiographical writing, where the authors are one with the text, as they are writing about themselves. In poetry, the author is a significant part of the poem as most poetry is a reflection of the poets experiences through the use of metaphors and other poetic devices. To ignore this is to diffuse a poem of its deeper meaning and connections. We can use Full Moon and Little Frieda by Ted Hughes to argue against Barthes theory. Hughes wrote this poem about his daughter Frieda’s fascination with nature. The poem frames a specific scene somewhere in the country: A cool small evening shrunk to a dog bark and the clank of a bucket – †¨ And you listening. †¨ A spiders web, tense for the dews touch. †¨A pail lifted, still and brimming – mirror †¨To tempt a first star to a tremor. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ Cows are going home in the lane there, looping the hedges with their warm wreaths of breath - †¨ A dark river of blood, many boulders, †¨Balancing unspilled milk. †¨ Moon! you cry suddenly, Moon! Moon! †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ The moon has stepped back like an artist gazing amazed at a work That points at him amazed. The poem is fairly vague in terms of setting, and without knowledge of the author one would not know that Ted Hughes, his wife and two children (one named Frieda) moved to a cottage in Devon. It was there when he wrote Full Moon and Little Frieda after his wife Sylvia Plath committedShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of The Author1194 Words   |  5 PagesIn the French theorist’s Roland Barthes’s essay, â€Å"The Death of the Author,† he explores that reading is done through a lens of the authors life. According the Dictionary.com, to read is to â€Å"comprehend the meaning of (written or printed matter) by mentally interpreting the characters or symbols of which it is composed.† Barthes argues that the reader spends to much time allowing the author’s identity to get in the way of comprehending the meaning of the ‘written or printed matter.’ He then goes onRead MoreDeath and the Author1733 Words   |  7 PagesWe all struggle with our own immortality, many authors use death to declare their thoughts and beliefs on what it feels like, and what happens during the process of death. Stories such as Dorothy Richardson’s â€Å"Death† and Katherine Anne Porter’s â€Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall†, use a stream of conscious narration to get across to the reader that death is different and one in the same for everyone. Richardson and Porter use the stream of consciousness to add depth to their characters, and to tellRead MoreEssay on Critique Of death Of The Author775 Words   |  4 Pagesquot;Death of the Authorquot; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The title to the story quot;The Death of an Author,quot; by Roland Barthes, suggests this story may be a fictional novel about the story of an authors death. Perhaps one might pick it up, and skim the foreword in hopes that beneath the cover of this book there would be a mystery, a story of detectives, eye- witnesses, clues, and a puzzle for the reader to solve. Before I read this story, the title quot;The Death of an Authorquot;Read MoreThe Author of the Black Death: John Aberth Essay828 Words   |  4 PagesAuthor, John Aberth was born on July 6, 1963. He currently lives in Roxbury, Vermont and serves as an associate academic dean at Castleton State College. There he teaches several history class. He has also taught at many other colleges in Vermont, including the University of Vermont. In 1992, John Aberth received his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge in Medieval Studies after he received his masters from the University of Leeds. He is the author of five books, whose main focus is the effectsRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of Roland Barthes’ Death of the Author2707 Words   |  11 PagesAn Analysis of Roland Barthes’ Death of the Author â€Å"The birth of the reader must be at the cost of the death of the Author.† – Roland Barthes Must the Author be dead to make way for the birth of the reader? In Roland Barthes’ essay â€Å"The Death of the Author,† Barthes asserts that the Author is dead because the latter is no longer a part of the deep structure in a particular text. To him, the Author does not create meaning in the text: one cannot explain a text by knowing aboutRead MoreFacing Death in Tuesdays with Morrie, the author, Mitch Albom814 Words   |  3 Pagessociety as a civilization we are constantly being reminded of death. In Tuesdays with Morrie, the author, Mitch Albom, conveys the story of his professor, Morrie Schwartz, whom is dealing with a life threatening disease. In his life Mitch is so caught up materialistic possessions that he begins to lose focus on the true meaning in life. After this realization Mitch comes in contact with Morrie and writes down on a piece of paper a list, â€Å"death, fear, aging, greed, marriage, family, society, forgivenessRead MoreAuthor Mill er’s Death Of A Salesman: A Family’s Misguided Attempt At The American Dream 707 Words   |  3 Pages Death of a salesman is a two-act play set in the late 1940s. The death of a salesman is a tragic story of one family’s failed attempt to live the American dream. Majority of the action in the play takes place in the Loman’s home and yard. The Loman family consists of Wily, Linda and their two sons Biff and Happy. Overall I consider Death of A Salesman a fascinating Play. To begin with I found my self-having difficulty reading the play. I immediately began writing off the play as another story ofRead Moreâ€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† and â€Å"Annabel Lee†: Similarities, Differences, and Their Authors1494 Words   |  6 Pageswords and sentences. This is the case, for example, of Edgar Allan Poe’s poem â€Å"Annabel Lee† and Emily Dickinson’s poem â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death.† Both poems focus on the same theme of death, but while Poe’s poem reflects that death is an atrocious event because of the suffering and struggle that it provokes, Dickinson’s poem reflects that death is humane and that it should not be feared as it is inevitable. The two poems have both similarities and differences, and the themes and characteristicsRead MorePersonification Of Death859 Words   |  4 Pagesof death is unknown to everyone. Death is eternal. A person cannot come back to tell the l iving about the death experience. Death is the one aspect of life that is guaranteed no matter what the circumstance. In the poem, â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson, she uses personification, symbols and metaphors to portray death as a person. In the poem, â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death†, Emily Dickinson personifies Death. In the first line, â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death†, theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Everyman, The Summoning Of Everyman1378 Words   |  6 Pagesinterpretation. However, Death takes most of critical role (Goldhamer, 1973). Everyman is the main character but without Death, the play would lack its illuminative and illustrative nature. Nonetheless, the author depicts Death as the messenger of God, cruel judge as well as rescuer of humankind. According to the author, human kind is supposed to be answerable for the mistakes committed by Adam. Indeed, the bad deed raises the sins of Everyman Perception and treatment of Death The author of the play, notwithstanding

LeadershipTheory and Practices

Question: Discuss about theLeadershipfor Theory and Practices. Answer: Introduction: It is an assumption that leadership is the ability to lead any group of people. There are many views related to leadership like some people think that leadership is to guide its followers every time and some thinks that leadership is to motivating its members for doing best in any particular task. Leadership is a process in which a person leads and influences an individual, a group or a party to achieve a common goal or objective (Northouse, 2013). Starting with first theory leadership, Trait theory of leadership consists of the study of leaders qualities like motivation, honesty, self-confidence, knowledge of business, ability to perform any task which drives that leader to the path of success. Relating to Indra Nooyi, She has all those traits that a good leader should have to run the organization. She is a daring and unafraid lady as she always asks questions which are important for the company. Apart from this, she has a motivating slogan too: Performance with purpose (Stevenson, 2015). She has courage, competence, confidence and strong emotional intelligence. She always has a vision for growing PepsiCo. She is a strategic thinker and this made her a right leader for the PepsiCo. Second theory of leadership is behavioral theory. By the behavioral theory, it can be evaluated that what the styles leaders adopt in their leadership style to motivate their employees and how a leader behaves on any particular situation. Relating to Indra Nooyi, It can be easily observed that she has the combination of heart and mind in her leadership style. She always develops a relationship with her partners and customers and takes such decisions that would be beneficial for the society. She always has a balance when she takes any decision that it should be beneficial not only for the company but also for the staff (Fortune, 2016). According to contingency theory, this theory, there is no any proper way to lead any organization. It depends upon the situational factors and how the leader reacts upon that factor. In the case of Indra Nooyi, She is a charismatic leader. She always takes care of her employees and also motivates them time to time. She gives creative ideas according to the situations. Transformational leadership covers every department of organization like team, divisions, or whole part of organization. Transformational leader should be inspiring, daring, motivating and deep thinker. Indra Nooyi always takes initiative in every task and because of this quality; her employees are influenced by her leadership style. She is a deep thinker and always thinks about the welfare of the employees. Because of her leadership, company got good results in market. The sales of product have been increased and it gave high employee satisfaction also. Followership Followership is one of the parts of leadership. It consists of the study of the nature and effect of the followers while following any leader. It includes the behavior of the followers with their leader so it is very crucial part of the leadership. Followers can be dependent, independent, critical thinker or uncritical thinker. Followership builds leadership, it strengthens leaders and sometimes it creates leaders (Hurwitz Hurwitz, 2015). Power is a very crucial term used in the organizations to achieve the purpose and goals of the business. It consists of the opportunity to create, build the skills of any particular person in a different direction. She was ranked no. 4 on forbs magazine of 100 most powerful women in the world (Fortune, 2014).Relating to Indra Nooyi, she always takes decisions in tough time with her innovative and creative thinking and also uses the combination of heart and mind while taking decisions. If she decides something, she always tries to fulfill that. Influential leadership consists of an ability of a leader to attract and motivate the followers by his or her views, thoughts and actions so that they can achieve their goals. As a leader, Indra Nooyi has an inspiring and influencing personality. She influences her employees with some mantras which are very motivational like No limits what you can do and Aim high and put your heart into it (Thomas, 2016). She always says to the employees to be calm and accept all responsibilities. Followership is a very important part of leadership because it makes a leader. The success of any organization depends upon the followership because it tells that how followers follow their leaders (Peterson2013).Relating to Indra Nooyi, she is a lady with confidence and courage. She always says and acts on those things that she believes it is right. Her employees and followers like this quality of leadership and follow her. She builds skills in her employees so that they can be prepared for the upcoming situations. The result is that it increased the employee satisfaction and improved work conditions. Change Management Change and management both are inter-related. An effective management can create a big change in the future of any organization. Change management consists of all activates dealing with far-reaching changes, to make changes in all kinds of mid and long term management activities (Reiss, 2012). Kurt Lewins model talks about behavioral aspects of the people or employees in three different stages: Change, Refreeze and Unfreeze. Figure 1: Kurt Lewin's Model (Source: Mancala, 2013) In PepsiCo, Indra Nooyi has done major changes related to volatility, complexity and speed and this is the way of her success. With the transformations, she also has maintained the culture of the company which is unfreezing. PepsiCo is a popular company with its brand name and a good history. According to her, time is changing and consumers are moving towards healthy and nutritious and healthy food so it is our duty to empowering our customer by balancing culturally and economically (Dienel, 2014). Kotters model has 8 essential steps to bring change in the organization. In organization, a successful will occur when there will be a commitment, clear vision, good leadership, clear communication, openness. She has done major changes in strategy of PepsiCo by maintaining the culture of the company. She is a leader of effective communication and takes situation according to the situation. Figure 2: Kotter's Model (Source: Vliet, 2014) Indra Nooyi has courage to make changes and she had taken right moves and delivered right decisions for the company. She creates a sense of her decisions which creates profit for the company. Although she is CEO of the PepsiCo but she always guide to her employees when the need. She has a strategic vision because her purpose is to fundamentally changing how to make money in order to deliver performance (Ignatius, 2015). Conceptual model shows that leadership skills, behavior of the leader, strategies which are adopted, vision of the leader are the factors that can impact the performance of the organization. Indra Nooyi is a good leader. Since she become CEO, the sales of the company has increased. She has an emotional part also as she writes letters to the parents of employees and thanks them for their children. Her strategy to expand PepsiCo has given the result that PepsiCo is the second largest food and beverage company in the world. Conclusion From the above discussion, it has been analyzed that Indra Nooyi, the 5th CEO of the PepsiCo is a great leader with a good combination of mind and heart. She always takes initiative and adopts innovative strategies to grow her business. She is a self-confident lady and never afraid of asking questions which seems to be important for the business. References Dienel,E.,(2014). How PepsiCo promotes transformation. Retrieved on 12th August 2016 from https://www.greenbiz.com Fortune (2014). The most powerful women in business. Retrieved on 12th August 2016 from. https://fortune.com Fortune, (2016). Indra Nooyi Leadership. Retrieved on 12th August 2016 from https://fortune.com Hurwitz, M., Hurwitz, S.(2015) Leadership is a half story (1st), UK: UTP Publishing Ignatius,A., (2015). How Indra Nooyi turned design thinking into Strategy. Retrieved on 12th August 2016 from https://hbr.org Northouse, P.,G.,(2013).Leadership:Theory and Practices(7th), USA: Sage Publication Peterson,G.,(2013). Leadership 310: The Four Principles of 'Followership'. Retrieved on 12th August from https://www.forbes.com Reiss.M.,(2012). Change Management (1st),Noderstedt: Books on demand GmbH Stevenson, A.,(2015). Indra Nooyi: The secret to Pepsi's innovation, Retrieved on 12th August 2016 from https://www.cnbc.com Thomas,P.,M.,(2016). A learning CEO can power through tough times. Retrieved on 12th August 2016 from https://www.forbes.com

Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) sustainable development

Introduction The long-term vision that encourages young people to participate in sports led to the winning of the right to host 2012 Olympic Games. The evaluation framework that established the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) provides the guidance and creates a structure that assesses the range of impacts related to the preparation, delivery and the legacy of the games.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) sustainable development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Adams Parmenter (2005) noted that this framework has been developed through extensive consultations in the last few years. This is by reviewing the then available strategies used and planning for the issues that were not achieved. This framework is to be adopted by all the organizations and the leading bodies in order to prepare for the effective delivery. Organisations will be encouraged to adopt the structures and used the framework for relevant evaluations. This study evaluates the importance of having a sustainable development strategy. It also evaluates the challenges faced by the ODA in ensuring delivery of employment and business objectives to creating new employment and business opportunities locally, regionally and nationally. Literature review Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) ensures the delivery of the Olympic park, other venues and infrastructure in preparation for the 2012 Games. These should be within the prescribed time in order to comply with the agreed upon budget. Airola Steven (2000) shows the authority works in ensuring the achievement of a sustainable development and provision of value for funds used. It also leaves a lasting social, environmental and economic legacy for east London. In planning for public expenditure and policy, the activities and investments related to the 2012 Olympic Games and its legacy have to undergo a critical evaluation process. Evaluations form an import ant component in the public scrutiny, thus used as a tool for developing and designing systems of delivery. The ODA’s mission includes delivering venues, facilities, transport and infrastructure in time. In addition, it ensures maximization of sustainable delivery while accomplishing this within the desired budget. ODA works with other partners such as CLM in managing design, construction and procurement of necessary facilities.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The funding needed come from grants given by the National Lottery, the London Development Agency, Media and Sport and Department for Culture (Barton 2004). According to London Assembly Environment Committee (2010), ODA’s evaluations provide a suitable content to different audiences including the public, the media fraternity, politicians and academic learners. Setting up a sustainable development strategy improves the policy knowledge through the assessment of the policy outcomes and linking them to their respective activities and resources. Balfousia-Savva et al (2003) noted that this strategy considers the effective and efficient policy development. Therefore, it enables organizations and stakeholders to gain a better understanding of designing and delivering policies in the future. The framework ensures an opportunity to develop and evaluate various methodologies used in measuring and monitoring outcomes. It is important for the development of new techniques to enable the evaluators to learn and practice various techniques and practices (Adams and Parmenter, 1995). The 2012 Games have impacts on specific social groups such as BME communities, young people, women and the disabled. Mark (2003, pp. 6-9) explains that some projects will also affect the entire population, for example, there will be increased economic development in the region within which the activities shall be held. Some specific sections of the population will benefit from the activities for instance, the disadvantaged groups will access employment opportunities while the neighbouring communities of East London will benefit from physical activity programs. ODA’s objectives for sustainable development include minimizing carbon emissions arising from the Olympic Park, optimizing opportunities for efficient use, reuse, and recycling of water. The other objectives include the identification of socially responsible materials and the need to protect biodiversity and ecology. Community support is as important as the provision of transport and health services to the participants of the ongoing activities.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) sustainable development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Barton (2004, pp. 18-25) the pre-games impacts include construction phase, increased costs and visitor impact in the run up of the games. The impact caused during the games include those related to the revenues for example from the staging the games, the impact caused by visitors, and the cost incurred in staging the games. The post-games impact includes the effects on the legacy, which involves an improved profile of the city, hence attracting more visitors. The lasting legacy of the games shall remain the development and improvement of the infrastructure, which shall provide value for several years to come. Methodology Information from the above study on Olympic Delivery Authority was collected through the surveying method. Individuals from east London were asked to give their views on the benefits that would come with the hosting of the Olympic Games to London and how it would influence the economy locally, regionally and nationally. Various people gave their views on the availability of new business opportunities as well as the creation of new employment opportu nities. Surveys are useful in describing the characteristics of a large population, hence remains the best method that provides the general measure of the facets under review. Findings, Analysis and discussion PESTEL Analysis Political forces ODA is committed to achieve five major objectives of the 2012 games, including the establishment of UK as one of the leading sports destinations in the world, changing the heart of East London, inspiring young people to be involved in volunteering their participation in cultural and physical activities in order to better their lives. It will also include making the Olympic park as a blueprint showing sustainable living. Finally, it shall demonstrate the creativity of UK through design of infrastructure necessary for facilitating the activities of the Olympic activities. Pezzey Toman (2002) have noted that political influence has caused the relocation of the people to create space for the development of requisite structures. This has resulted i n the emergence of social unrest. The unstable political influence has also contributed to fear of terror attack.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The analysis estimate the about 200 million has been spend on ensuring the safety of the populations who shall be present during the Olympic activities. Social organizations have claimed that the Olympics cause economic recession, for example, what was experienced in the 2000 Olympic in Sydney. The human rights group in London has raised concerns about the displacement of people from the villages in which they have lived for over a century. Therefore, the human rights agencies advocate for the establishment of mechanism aimed at safeguarding the rights of the participants as well s the observers of the games while challenging governments to take legal liability for damages and losses arising due to insecurity. Smith Rees (2008) illustrates that other political forces influencing the 2012 Olympics shall include the international attacks. For instance, those streaming in from Iran and threatening to boycott over the controversies of the logo are likely to cause chaos during this mome nt. The analysis of tourism industry projects improvements in the sector with a rise from 50% to 70%in growth due to influence of the games. Economic forces The economic impact of the Olympic Games is much contributed by the effects caused by visitors through their expenditures in the host country. A country also benefits from developments for example in infrastructure investments in areas that had been deprived. The country also benefits from the long- term legacy and increased exposure to the international media. This brings about more tourists in the future before and after the games. Once these economic effects are combined, they form a complex effect that cannot be determined only by the financial performance of the organizers or the additional revenues that the country gets for hosting the Games. To conduct the economic impact of the Olympic Games, there are some factors that have to be considered for example the effect the Games will cause on spending for example by organizat ions and individuals as well. These may include the amount spent on infrastructure in the pre-games period and the spending in the period of the games. Individuals mostly spend on transport, accommodation, food and entertainment. These people include spectators, athletes, officials and media representatives from all over the world. Although some of these groups of people are provided with most of these expenses there is a difference between residents spending and nonresident spending. The other factor to consider is that expenditure should be categorized according to products spent on for example in goods and services. A model must also be used to show how this spending is translated to a country’s income and increased employment opportunity. The input-output model has been used for the past years in translating the effects of spending. Peter et al. (2008, pp. 7-9) these have been able to show the effects caused. According to the Price Waterhouse Coopers, the GDP is estimated to contribute about 3.7 billion Euros. The GDP will be measured using the expenditure approach which shows the total demand expenditure minus the imports. Barton (18-25) shows more than 50,000 jobs have been created over the last 3 years of preparation for the Games and especially to the young people in the minority community. The plan for the 2012 Olympic Games is estimated to cover 30 years after the Games. The other economic impact of the 2012 Games is improved housing for example 40,000 houses are to be built in order to cater for the tourists visiting the country during and after the Games. This has a major impact upon the human resourcing strategy in that supply chain management is to be improved and about 75000 businesses have been contacted to supply goods and services to the UK during and after the Olympics. The other impact is that 42 percent of migrant workers are working in the country for that period in various sectors such as in health and hospitality industry. Transp ortation will improve since massive roads have been constructed including railway and more airstrips have been developed. Social forces The atmosphere of Bedford will be festive within the local community therefore providing a good climate for all. Individuals will also be encouraged to take up preventive measures for them to stay healthy during the period and to improve their well being. People involved in the British sport are hopeful of 2012 legacy, for example in the increased commitment to sport in the UK. For example, special programs for the disabled; Autism Awareness Campaign in UK is confident that more people will be encouraged to take up sports regardless of their status. Barton (2004) describes that the Olympic Village Polyclinic will also be transformed into a learning center for the community around East London. There will also be improved infrastructure for example nursery, primary, secondary and creative industries will emerge therefore improving the living standards of most individuals therefore impacting on the ODA’s human resourcing strategy. Cultural effects were not a significant part that influences the Olympic Games but still it should not be ignored. The government has recommended doing more in publicizing and coordinating culture. This will be achieved by drawing ideas together and sharing best practices to increase awareness of practical cultural activities. Young people will be given an opportunity to experience and participate in various cultural activities. Some of the elements that will be used in the youth culture will be to stag along waterways, bridges and streets. Exhibitions of world art and artifacts will be set up in London museums to display the culture of the communities living there. Technological forces Technology has been improved for example in the development of the modernized stadium and the water part. The world media have also improved technology in the country since it will be using live broadcasting techn ology. Transport technology has also been utilized in building massive roads and railways. The security technology is also present for example the use of CCTV and the scanning devices installed in every entry of the stadium. Improved technology will also be provided for example in giving tickets, scanning ID cards and biometric scanning. Environmental forces The environmental impact caused by the 2012 Olympic Games includes concern over protecting and restoring a favorable place for everyone. This involves recognizing the link between social and economic goals. The environmental sustainability programs have been set up to eliminate pollution around the Bedford community. The ecosystem has been preserved, for example, through the provision of livable climate and water cycling to avoid suffocation. The soil formation has also been improved as well as the natural landscapes that attract tourists. A mega event such as the 2012 Olympic Games ordinarily will produce carbon emissions for e xample from the presence of many vehicles and from the processing industries. Large carbon emissions should therefore be provided to reduce these emissions. Renewable energy should therefore be provided to reduce carbon emissions from the Olympic park. Legal forces The mega event has also to consider some legal factors for example, the brand licensing should be maintained, which is Bedford 2012. Legal procedures should also be followed while selling sponsorships, for example, to the stakeholders like world TV, online services and print media. The intellectual property rights are to be maintained by the use of Bedford 2012 logo and ODA’s strategies ensures this is achieved. Organisations that will want to temporarily open showrooms and showcasing items in the park should have a selling right. SWOT Analysis Strengths ODA’s strengths include having a sustainable development strategy that ensures delivery, value for money and the provision of a lasting economic, social and environmental legacy. The major strength includes the presence of strong human resource management that ensures effective and trained employees work on the infrastructure development. Wallace (2005) explains that this ensures that the value for money is attained as well as the time and budget set is maintained. This has a major impact on the human resourcing strategy as they have to include individuals who are ready to achieve maximum goals set up by the authority. Weaknesses The factors that could affect the success of the Olympics include doping controversies for example use of performance enhancing drugs by athletes. The organizers should ensure that all the athletes have been tested to avoid positive athletes for example is it was in the Athens 2004 where many participants had been tested positive. Terror attacks in the country could also affect the success of the event as it was in Munich 1972. It is therefore important for the people responsible for security to ensure that th is is effectively maintained. Critics received from many Londoners could also affect the success of the planned costs of Olympics for example citizen have been forced to pay an increase of 20 Euro per year in terms of council tax. Barton (2004) describes that there are also concerns that unions will strike near of during the Games advocating for bonuses. Opportunities Business opportunities are created for example in the construction phase and this will be provided to the communities surrounding the Olympic Park. This impacts ODA’s human resourcing strategy through the implementation of plans in respect of skills and business opportunities, workforce and supply chain management. Stivers (1999) shows more opportunities will also be created from other parks such as Olympic Village Development and Stratford City. This will cause an impact on local businesses as well as regional. Employees should therefore be well managed to build venues that offer fair opportunities for all, and that they build according to the planned time and budget. The human resource management should also ensure fair and transparent deliveries in terms of procurement of goods and services. Threats The construction deadlines might not be met. The success of the proceedings has not been welcomed for example by individuals outside London who feel that the event will divert international funding therefore posing difficult in funding from the rest of the UK citizens. Blake (2005) states that the local businesses that have been working in some areas for over 100 years have been displaced are concerned about where to find new sites for their business. The event has received less government support unlike the Manchester one and there are concerns that transport cost might be high which will out price tourists leaving many businesses and events unattended to resulting to losses. Recommendations The above study evaluates the economic importance of the sustainable development and its impact to t he host country, its value and the benefits achieved in hosting these games. These evaluations need to be known as they are used in the early stages of the Olympic bidding process. The organizers should also be aware of the scale of the economic benefits brought about by hosting the Olympic Games. Adams (2006) argues that these aspects allow developed promotions in the local context and it also brings about significant benefits to the local economy. The organizing committee is also provided with necessary information on the scale of benefits to have a critical understanding of the cost of bidding. The higher costs of these Games and higher expectations of quality venues justify these costs and have therefore been used to increase a country’s revenue and the economic impact. Displacements have remained common in a host of countries and problems of pricing, overcrowding and safety. Barbier (2007) puts it that the impact of the displacements however, yields economic and tourism legacy benefits, which outweighs the short-term losses of the displaced which are estimated to be 375 and 258 million for London and UK respectively. Tourism gains are estimated to be about 2.4 billion Euros for UK and about 1.9 billion for London (House of Commons 2007). Conclusion The planning and preparations made by ODA have generated significant activities and necessary information. To achieve legacy impacts, economics and infrastructure impacts, the organizing committee should be capable of demonstrating an understanding the long- term impacts on peoples, community, the economy and the environment. Currently, there are many organizations undertaking significant work of leading up to the success of the 2012 Games. The set goals and objectives have already generated a large amount of data necessary for the assessment of the overall impacts caused to various organizations. Sensitivity analysis has shown that the overall impact of the Olympic is likely to give positive change in v arious aspects such as in increased GDP though there are larger risks estimated to occur during and after the Games because of high levels of uncertainty about the legacy effect. ODA’s sustainable development objectives provide a means for managing and developing both the existing and the new information in a more structured and comprehensive manner. References Adams, P., Parmenter, B., 2005. ‘An Applied General Equilibrium Analysis of the Economic Effects of Tourism in a Quite Small.’ Applied Economics, vol. 27, pp. 985-994. Adams, W., 2006. ‘The future of sustainability: Re-thinking environment and development in the Twenty-first Century.’ Report of the IUCN Renowned Thinkers Meeting, pp. 29-31. Airola, J Steven, C., 2000. The projected economic impact on Houston hosting the 2012 summer Olympic Games. Houston: Department of Economics, University of Houston. Balfousia-Savva, S., Athanassiou, L., Milonas, A., 2003. The economic effect of the Athen s Olympic Games. Athens: Kasimati. Barbier, E 2007, Natural Resources and Economic Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Barton, L., 2004. ‘The economic impact of the Olympic Games’. Coopers European Economic Outlook, pp. 18-25. Blake, A., 2005. The economic impact of the London 2012 Olympics. Nottingham: Christel DeHaan, Tourism and Travel Research Institute, Nottingham University Business School. House of Commons. Culture, Media and Sport Committee. 2007. ‘London 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympics Games: Funding and Legacy.’ Second Report of Session 2006–07 vol. 1. Web. London Assembly Environment Committee 2010, The Environmental Sustainability of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympics Games. Web. Mark, J 2003, ‘Sustainability – Architecture: Between Fuzzy Systems and Wicked Problems.’ Blueprints, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 6–9. Peter, R. K., John, B., 2008. ‘Sustainability: Science, practice, policy.â₠¬â„¢ An Introduction to Sustainable Development, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 7-9. Pezzey, J Toman, M., 2002. ‘The economics of sustainability.’ A Review of Journal Articles, pp. 1-36. Smith, C Rees, G 2008, Economic Development, 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Stivers, R 1999, The sustainable society: Ethics and economic growth. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. Wallace, B 2005, Becoming part of the solution: The engineer’s guide to sustainable development. Washington, DC: American Council of Engineering Companies. This report on Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) sustainable development was written and submitted by user Abigail Dixon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Scientific Experimentation That Destroys Beatrice in Rappacinis Daughter essays

The Scientific Experimentation That Destroys Beatrice in Rappacinis Daughter essays The Scientific Experimentation That Destroys Beatrice in Rappacinis Daughter Most parents would put their children ahead of their occupation at all costs. In many cases this is true, but for Rappacini in Nathaniel Hawthornes Rappacinis Daughter, his scientific experiments prove to be more important to him than his daughter Beatrices wellbeing. His selfishness leads to both the physical and emotional destruction of Beatrices romantic aspirations for Giovanni Guasconti. The unique situations encountered in Rappacinis Daughter, represent an emotional struggle for Beatrice, which relates to the different interpretations of scientific advancement during this Romantic Era. An important theme in Rappacinis Daughter is the fear of change and progress, and how Beatrice becomes intertwined with both science and nature. During this Romantic Era, many people thought that scientific advancements would destroy nature. Rappacini symbolizes the destructiveness of science, whereas Beatrice represents the beauty of nature. Outwardly Rappacini has made Beatrice a threat to nature and humanity by making her poisonous, but inwardly she thrives on natures existence. Beatrices inability to interact with any individuals besides her father and Giovanni result in her own isolationism from nature and society. Professor Pietro Baglioni also symbolizes the fear of change through his intense rivalry with Rappacini. Baglioni is a conventional doctor who practices conservative methods, whereas, Rappacini practices unconventional methods by creating medicines from poisonous plants. The competition between these two scientific doctors escalates to such an immense degre e, that Beatrices death becomes the ultimate result. Their constant rivalry and human interference in natures physical and psychological processes depicts the obvious account...

SWOT ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

SWOT ANALYSIS - Essay Example As matter of fact, via SWOT analysis, many process limitations are numerated, but the most useful information aren’t highlighted. Therefore, the management ought to carry extra analysis to determine the best factor to use during evaluation. Competitive advantage ca n be defined as standing a better a better chance to lure customers in non-monopolistic market structure. According to porter (2012), competitive advantage can only be gained by either cost reduction or product differentiation, but not both. Therefore, a strategic value chain analysis can easily identify stages in production either impact positively on differentiation or reduce costs. Customer satisfaction goes hand in hand with profit maximization goal. Perception that a product is of high value by customers not only reduces their bargaining power but also increases their willingness to purchase. Only satisfied customers can be retained. Therefore, success in value chain analysis depends on how well customer needs are addressed. Ovidijus Jurevicius | 25.04.2013. (2013, April 25). Value Chain Analysis | Strategic Management Insight. Retrieved  February  14, 2015, from

Journal Opinion Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal Opinion Article - Essay Example Energy Information Agency 1). It was evident therefore that the forecasted decline was pinpointed to lesser consumption. The advisory even noted that there was an increase in the electric prices of as much as 2%; which, if the expected milder temperatures would turn out to be unrealized; then, consumers would actually expect a higher average electric rate. It is just interesting to note that only in a country like the U.S. could it be possible to expect a decline in electric bills during summer months. In other Asian countries, for instance, it has been evident that during summer months, consumers are already expecting greater financial stress due to increases in rates of electricity. It is traditionally asserted that â€Å"electric delivery rates do not change in the summer; however, your bill may rise in summer due to higher consumption† (Oncor par. 1). And the sources of potential increases in consumption include: (1) vacation from school puts children at home most of the time during summer and therefore, expect to use more television, personal computers, and other electric gadgets; (2) due to obviously higher temperature than cool months, air-conditioning or other ventilation units are turned on longer; (3) since more people are consuming more on electricity through the noted consumption patterns, the cost of fuel (dependin g on demand and supply) could likewise be affected. As such, although there could be some valid points in the report written by Morath, when the basis of comparison for electric bill rates were the three consecutive summers that were deemed hotter; one is convinced that overall, consumers could still expect some increases in their electric bill due to the reasons enumerated above that could affect consumption usage; in conjunction with the announced 2% increase in the average prices of electricity, as announced. Early announcement of an impending decline might even spur consumption levels to greater heights and consumers might

The key personal features needed Essay Example for Free

The key personal features needed Essay CASE STUDY: Laurie and Joe want to open up a hairdressing salon. They have had previous experience running and managing a shop and now they want to run their own business. Write a report discussing the key personal features needed, suitable establishment options for Laurie and Joe and finance options they should take into account. Key personal features: To ensure success when establishing a business, laurie and joe need have the three key personal qualities – entrepreneurship, personal qualities (motivation, experience, expectation) and other influences (cultural background, gender). Entrepreneurship: As an entrepreneur, the basic qualities required are to be: Assertive, Determined, Very organised and responsible, Willing to take risks, Good with people, A good leader, Motivated, Dedicated, Confident, Realistic, Healthy, Resilient Laurie and joe must have a desire to succeed and have drive and energy which relates to the personal qualities of a person. A person wanting to establish their own business needs to have motivation, experience and expectation. Personal Qualitities: Motivation: Motivation refers to your personal drive, determination and desire to achieve a goal or objective, in this case setting up a business. There are several reasons for why people start up their own business but it is usually due to: Having independence and being your own boss Choosing the location and fellow employees Gaining more control over own destiny and increasing personal wealth Having something to leave to family Accepting a challenge Security Experience: An experienced person would have: Knowledge of the product and service being entered Skills in management such as communication, ER, accounting and finance, marketing and operations Organizational and customer service skills. It would be best if Laurie and Joe satisfied these requirements in order to have the best chance at a successful business. Expectation: Expectation relates to the person’s level of ambition and self confidence. Someone with high expectations will have a vision for the future of the business. Some expectations that Laurie and Joe should have include: Financial rewards Independence Success Role as the boss Security of future employment Opportunity to use skills Other influences: Other influences include cultural background and gender. For laurie and joe, cultural background would not be a big factor for the success of their business as they want to open a hairdressing business. With gender, Laurie and Joe would just have to consider if they will be open to both genders and if customers would allow the opposite gender cut their hair. Suitable establishment options: Before setting up their own business, laurie and joe must choose one of three establishment options – starting from scratch, buying an existing business or buying a franchise. There are advantages and disadvantages for all three options so Laurie and Joe must pick the one most suitable for a hairdressing business. Starting from Scratch: Starting a business from scratch usually only occurs when: A new product is being introduced on to the market Existing businesses aren’t meeting customer needs There is a large demand and the market is growing. If these circumstances don’t exist, it would be more difficult to start from scratch. However as Laurie wouldn’t be providing a new product, only the last two circumstances would need to be considered. Although it can be difficult to start a business from scratch, there are some advantages: The owner has the freedom to set up the business the way they wish If funds are limited you can start on a small scale There is no goodwill to pay for The owner can determine the growth of the business The owner can choose the location However, as noted above, there are some disadvantages when starting from scratch such as: Time is needed to develop a customer base, employ staff and develop lines of credit from suppliers Profit levels could be low at start up and the business could have liquidity problems There is a high risk of failure and a measure of uncertainty Finances could be hard to obtain As Laurie and Joe want to establish a hairdressing business, it is recommended that they choose to start from scratch as it would be most suited for their needs. Buying an existing business An existing business may be purchased instead of starting from scratch as it may already be a successful business and would have an established customer base, employees, equipment and location. Although there are a few advantages, there are also disadvantages when it comes to buying an existing business. Advantages: Sales to existing customers will bring in automatic income The inventory and supply networks are set up Equipment is available for immediate use Employees could be a good source of advice Previous business owner could provide training and advice If the business had been successful it could be easier to obtain finances Disadvantages: Some employees may resent any changes to the business operation The existing business could have had a poor reputation within the community The value of the goodwill could make the business overpriced Assets could be old and overvalued The location can’t be changed and the existing layout may be difficult to change For Laurie and Joe, buying an existing business would be the most suitable†¦. Buying a franchise: A franchise is license by a parent company to an individual to operate the parent company’s business on their behalf. The franchises make up a chain of businesses under the parent companies name. a franchisor is the large organization and a franchisee is the individual(s) that operates the business on behalf of the company. Finance Options: Laurie and Joe have two options when it comes to how to finance the establishment of the business. The two options are owner’s equity and debt finance. Critical issues in business success and failure: When Laurie and Joe first start their business, there are five critical issues to be aware of. They are: Having a business plan Identifying and sustaining competitive advantage Using technology Avoiding overextension of finance Managing cash flow While most small business fail in the first couple of years, careful attention to these critical issues will help the business to succeed. Having a business plan A business plan is the blueprint for future growth and development within a business. It sets out the desired goals and strategies to direct the business. A business plan is essential to long-term success and must be followed. It should also be modified when there are changes in: Technology The competition The economy The customer’s needs When setting up a business plan, Laurie and Joe would need to consider the prime function of the business, the mission statement, plans and strategies and budgeting. Laurie and Joe should also include why they want to establish the business, the goals they wish to achieve, the steps necessary to achieve their goals and the time frame in which the steps and goals should be achieved. Identifying and sustaining competitive advantage Sustainable competitive advantage refers to the ability of a business to develop strategies that will ensure it has an ‘edge’ over its competitors for a long period of time. To have a sustainable competitive advantage Laurie and Joe would need to think about pricing (higher or lower than competitors, prestige pricing), quality, value (a good price for the quality of product/service) and the features of their product or service. Laurie and Joe would be best off charging the same price as competitors but provide a better quality service and hair products. Laurie and Joe could also think about using the differentiation strategy in which they would offer customers something that is not already offered by competitors. Use of technology Technology is having many effects on businesses and the advancements and changing technology are allowing business to advertise and communicate to customers in more convenient ways. As Laurie and Joe are setting up a hairdressing business, technology wouldn’t be a big factor. A hairdressing business wouldn’t rely on internet applications such as e-commerce and most likely wouldn’t even have a website. The only technologies a hairdressing business would require are EFTPOS machines so that customers don’t have to pay cash which therefore widens the customer base. Avoiding overextension of financing and other resources Overextension of financing and other resources refers to when business owners go over the budget and spending money on resources which are usually financed by external sources such as banks. To avoid overextension of financing and other resources, Laurie and Joe need to pay close attention to gearing, equipment/furniture/stock and budget. Gearing refers to the proportion of debt and equity finance that a business uses to finance its activities. If a business is highly geared then there is a high level of debt resulting in a greater risk. Therefore it would be best for Laurie and Joe’s business to have low gearing, so more equity than debt.